Book with 1 author
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format: [Reference no.] A. A. Author, Title of the book, xth ed. City: Publisher, year.
Ex.: [1] J. D. Cressler, Silicon earth: introduction to microelectronics and nanotechnology, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press, 2016.
Format e-book: [referansenr] A. A. Title of the book, xth ed. City: Publisher, year. [Online]. Available: DOI (or URL)
Ex.: [2] W. Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice, Intern. ed. Boston, Mass.: Pearson education, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www-dawsonera-com.ezproxy.uis.no/abstract/9780273793762
In EndNote
Add as Book.
Fill in the fields Author, Year, Title, City, Publisher, Year and Edition (write only number, like this: 2nd).
For e-book, use Electronic book.
Fill in the fields Author, Year, Title, Place published, Publisher, Edition (write only number, like this: 2nd), Type of medium(write Online), DOI.
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsBook with 2–6 authors
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format: [Reference no.] A. A. Authors, Title of the book,xth ed. City: Publisher, year.
Ex.: [1] T. Aven, M. Boyesen, O. Njå, K. H. Olsen, and K. Sandve.Samfunnssikkerhet. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 2004.
Format e-book: [Reference no.] A. A. Authors, Title of the book,xth ed. City: Publisher, year. [Online]. Available: DOI (or URL)
Ex.: [2] R. W. Allmendinger, N. Cardozo, and D. M. Fisher. Structural geology algorithms: vectors and tensors. Cambridge: Cambridge univ. press, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uisbib/detail.action?docID=824466
In EndNote
Ad as Book.
Fill in the fields Author (press enter between the authors to separate them) Year, Title, Place Published, Publisher, Edition (write only number, like this: 2nd).
For e-book, use Electronic book.
Fill in the fields Author, Year, Title, Place published, Publisher, Edition (write only number, like this: 2nd), Type of medium(write Online), DOI.
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsBook with Editor(s)
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format 1: [Reference no.] A. A. Author, Ed(s)., “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of the book, X.Editor, Ed., City: Publisher, year, p.p.xxx-xxx.
Format 2: [Reference no.] X. Editor, Ed. Title of published book. City of publisher, Country: Publisher, year.
Ex. 1: [1] L.Stein, “Random patterns,” in Computers and you, J.S. Brake, Ed., New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 1994, pp. 55-70.
Ex. 2: [2] C.Bennett, “What happens when you book an airline ticket? The collection and processing of passenger data post – 9/11,” in Global Surveillance and Policing: Borders, Security, Identity, E. Zureik and M. Salter, Eds., Cullompton, U.K.: Willan, 2005, pp. 113 – 138.
Format e-bok: A. A. Author, Ed(s)., “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of the book, X.Editor, Ed., City: Publisher, year, p.p.xxx-xxx.. [Online]. Available: DOI (or URL).
Ex.: [1] K. W. Lai and D. E. O. Dewi, Eds., Medical Imaging Technology: Reviews and Computational Applications.Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. [Online]. AVailable: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-287-540-2
In EndNote
Add as Edited book.
Fill in the fields Editor, Year, Title, Place Published, Publisher, Edition (write only number, like this: 2nd).
When e-book:
Add the fields Type of work (write Online), DOI
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsBook with more than 6 authors
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format: [Reference no.] A. A. first author’s last name et al., Title of the book, xth ed. City: Publisher, year.
Ex: [7] R. Otnes et al., Underwater Acoustic Networking Techniques. Berlin: Springer, 2012.
Format online: [Reference no.] A. A. first author’s last name et al., Title of the book, xth ed. City: Publisher, year. [Online]. Available: DOI (URL).
Note: References ending with DOI end with a period. References ending with URL never end with a period.
In EndNote
Add as Book.
Fill in the fields Author (press enter between the authors to separate them), Year, Title, Place Published, Publisher, Edition (write only number, like this: 2nd).
For e-book, use Electronic book:
Fill in the fields Author, Year, Title, Place published, Publisher, Edition (write only number, like this: 2nd), Type of medium(write Online), DOI.
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsChapter in book with author(s)
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format: [Reference no.] A. A. Author’s last name, “Title of chapter,” in Title of the book, xth ed. City: Publisher, year, pages.
Ex.: [1] C. Histace, “Image restoration – Recent advances and applications,” in Super-resolution restoration and image reconstruction for passive millimeter wave imaging. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 2012, s. 22-45.
Format e-book: [Reference no.] A. A. Author’s last name, “Title of chapter,” in Title of the book, nth ed.. Publisher, year, pages. [Online]. Available: DOI (eller URL)
Ex.: [2] H. Cheng, “Road Detection and Tracking,” in Autonomous Intelligent Vehicles: Theory, Algorithms, and Implementation, H. Cheng, London: Springer London, 2011, pp. 33-59. [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-1-4471-2280-7_4.pdf
In EndNote
Add as Book section.
Fill in the fields Author, Year, Title, Book title, Place published, Publisher, Pages. Edition (skriv kun nummer og punktum, slik: 2.).
Add chapter in e-book as Electronic book section:
Fill in the fields Author, Year, Title, Editor, Book title, Place published, Publisher, Pages, Edition (write only number like this: 2nd), DOI (or URL)
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsChapter in edited book
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format: [Reference no.] A. A. Author’s last name, “Title of chapter,” in Title of the book, xth ed. Book editor, Ed. City: Publisher, year, pages.
Ex.: [1] A. A. Azab og H. Meling, “Decentralized service allocation in a broker overlay based grid,” in Cloud computing: first international conference, M. G. Jaatun et al., Eds. Berlin: Springer, 2009, p. 200-211.
Format e-article: [Reference no.] A. A. Author’s last name, “Title of chapter,” Title of the book. xth ed. Book editor, Ed. City: Publisher, year, pages. [Online]. Available: DOI (eller URL)
Ex.: [1] Y. A. Yusoff, F. Mohamed, M. S. Sunar, and S. J. H. Chand, “State of the Art in the 3D Cardiovascular Visualization,” in Medical Imaging Technology: Reviews and Computational Applications, K. W. Lai and D. E. O. Dewi, Eds., Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015, pp. 143-168. [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-287-540-2_7
In EndNote
Add as Book section.
Fill in the fields Author, Year, Title, Editor, Book title, Place published, Publisher, Pages. Edition (write only number, like this: 2nd).
Ad chapter of e-book as Electronic book section:
Fill in the fields Author, Year, Title, Editor, Book title, Place published, Publisher, Pages, Edition (write only number, like this: 2nd)., DOI, Date.
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsConference paper
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format: [Reference no.] A. A. Author’s last name, “Title of paper,” presented at Conference title, place, country, date or year.
Ex. 1: [1] F. Wang, H. Chen, J. Zhao og C. Rong, “IDMTM: A novel intrusion detection mechanism based on trust model for ad hoc networks,” presented at 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, Ginowan, Japan, 2008.
Ex. 2: [2] P. Ingwersen and A. Elleby, “Do Open Access Working Papers Attract More Citations Compared to Printed Journal Articles from the Same Research Unit?,” presented at Proceedings of the ISSI 2011 Conference : 13th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics & Informetrics, Durban, South Africa, 04.-07. July 2011, [Online]. Available: http://pure.iva.dk/da/publications/do-open-access-working-papers-attract-more-citations-compared-to-printed-journal-articles-from-the-same-research-unit(4d99e359-bb7a-427a-90eb-c1009723d316).html
Note: Include paper number and / or pages if available.
In EndNote
Ad as Conference Paper.
Fill in the fields Author, Title, Editor (hvis det finnes), Conference name, Conference location (incl. dato and år). DOI or URL.
When electronic paper:
Fill in the fields Author, Year, Title, Periodical title, Volume, Issue, Pages, E-pub date, Type (write Online), DOI or URL.
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsJournal article with 1 author
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format: [#] A. A. Author’s last name, “Title of article,” Journal title, volume, issue, pages, month abbreviated (if available), year. doi:xxx.
Ex. 1: [1] J. U. Buncombe, “Infrared navigation – Part I: Theory,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. AES-4, nr. 3, s. 352-377, sep. 1944.
Ex. 2: [2] X. Wu, “Inflow Turbulence Generation Methods,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., vol. 49, s. 23-49, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010816-060322
Ex. 3: [3] R. Davidrajuh, “Modeling and implementation of supplier selection procedures for e-commerce initiatives,” Industrial Management and Data Systems, vol. 103, nr. 1-2, s. 28-38, 2003. [Online]. Available: doi:10.1108/02635570310456878.
Note 1: Use the entire journal title if you do not have an abbreviated title.
Note 2: Use either page number or article number.
Note 3: If information on DOI or URL is missing exclude this from the reference.
In EndNote
Article from printed journal: Add as Journal article.
Fill in the fields: Author, Year, Title, Journal, Date, Volume, Issue, Pages.
Article from online journal: Add as Electronic article.
Fill in the fields: Author, Year, Title, Periodical title, Volume, Issue, Pages, E-pub date, Type of work (type [Online]), DOI or URL.
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsJournal article with 2–6 authors
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format: [Reference no.] A. A. Author’s last name, B. B. Author’s last name, “Title of article”, Journal title, volume, issue, pages, month abbreviated (if available), year. doi:
Ex. 1: [1] J. Zhang and N. Tansu, “Optical gain and laser characteristics of InGaN quantum wells on ternary InGaN substrates,” IEEE Photon. J., vol. 5, nr. 2, apr. 2013, art no. 2600111.
Ex. 2: [2] A. Lekka, C. Turner, og P.P. Menon, “Anti-windup for a class of partially linearisable non-linear systems with application to wave energy converter control,” IET Control Theory & Applications, vol. 10, nr. 18, s. 2403-2414, 2016. [Online]. Available: doi: 10.1049/iet-cta.2016.0296
Ex. 3: [3] W. P. Risk, G. S. Kino, og H. J. Shaw, “Fiber-Optic Frequency Shifter Using a Surface Acoustic Wave Incident at an Oblique Angle,” Opt. Lett., vol. 11, nr. 2, s. 115-117, feb. 1986. [Online]. Available: http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-11-2-115.
Note 1: Use the entire journal title if you do not have an abbreviated title.
Note 2: Use either page number or article number.
Note 3: If information on DOI or URL is missing exclude this form the reference.
In EndNote
Add article from printed journal as Journal article.
Fill in the fields: Author, Year, Title, Journal, Date, Volume, Issue, Pages.
Add article from online journal as Electronic article.
Fill in the fields: Author, Year, Title, Periodical title, Volume, Issue, Pages, E-pub date, Type of work (type [Online]), DOI eller URL
Note: Press enter between the authors to separate them.
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsJournal article with more than 6 authors
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format: [reference no.] A. A. First author’s last name et al., “Title of article,” Journal title, volum, issue, pages, month abbreviated (if available), year. doi: xxx.
Ex. 1: [1] J. B. Jakobsen et al., “Assessment of wind conditions at a fjord inlet by complementary use of sonic anemometers and lidars,” Energy Procedia, vol. 110, s. 100-112. [Online]. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610215021773?via%3Dihub
Ex. 2: [2] P. Kopyt et al., “Electric Properties of Graphene-Based Conductive Layers from Dc up to Terahertz Range,” IEEE THz Sci. Technol., vol. 3, nr. 6, s. 480 – 490, mai 2016. [Online]. Available: doi: 10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2544142.
Ex. 3: [3] A. Hong et al., “Real-time holographic tracking and control of microrobots,” IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, vol. 2, nr. 1, s. 143-148, 2017. [Online]. Available: doi: 10.1109/LRA.2016.2579739.
Note 1: Use the entire journal title if you do not have an abbreviated title.
Note 2: Use either page number or article number.
Note 3: If information on DOI or URL is missing exclude this form the reference.
In EndNote
Article from printed journal: Add as Journal article.
Fill in the fields: Author, Year, Title, Journal, Date, Volume, Issue, Pages.
The field Date is used for publication date or publication month.
Article from Internet: Add as Electronic article.
Fill in the fields: Author, Year, Title, Periodical title, Volume, Issue, Pages, Type of work (skriv Online), DOI or URL.
Press enter between the authors to separate them.
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsLaws and regulations
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format:Title in italics, year.
Eks.: [1] Lov om opphavsrett til åndsverk m.v., 1961.
Format e-version: Title in italics, year. [Online]. Available: URL
Ex. 1: [1] Lov om endringer i lov 4. juli 2003 nr. 83 om elektronisk kommunikasjon (ekomloven), 2008. [Online]. Available: https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2008-01-11-2?q=elektronisk
Ex. 2: [2] Forskrift om elektriske lavspenningsanlegg, 1998. [Online]. Available: https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/1998-11-06-1060
In EndNote
Add as Legal Rule or Regulation.
Fill in the fields: Author (write the short title of the legal rule or regulation), Year, Title (full title).
Law from Internet resource:
Fill in the fields: Author (short title of the law) Year, Title (entire title). Type of medium (write Online), URL.
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsMaster’s or doctoral thesis
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format: [Reference no.] A. A. Author’s last name, “Title of thesis,” Master/doctoral thesis, department, university, place, year.
Ex. 1: [1] C. Mathisen, “Effekter av UV-stråling på embryonalutvikling, vekst og morfologi hos Daphnia Magna,” Hovedoppgave i biologi, Biologisk institutt, Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo, 2003.
Format e-thesis: [Reference no.] A. A. Author’s last name, “Title of thesis,” Master/doctoral thesis, department, university, place, year. [Online]. Available: DOI (or URL).
Ex.: [2] M. G. Jaatun, “Security in Critical Information Infrastructures,” Dr. Philos., Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Phd. no. 254, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/11250/293101
Note: When using DOI end with a period. When using URL never end with a period.
In EndNote
Add as Thesis.
Fill in the fields: Author, Year, Title, Academic department, Place published, University, Degree, Document number.
Note: When found at Internet: add DOI.
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsPatent
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format: [Reference no.] A. A. Inventor’s last name, “Patent title,” patentnumber, date and year.
Ex. 1: [1] P. Tveit and T. Laursen, “Slepeanordning for barn på ski der slepet festes via skituppene på barnets ski,” NO 300356, 16.06.1997.
Ex. 2: [2] T. Mei and T. Yang, “Circuit and method for average – current regulation of light-emitting diodes,” U.S. Patents 7 898 187 B1, 01.03.2012.
Format e-patent: [Reference no.] A. A. Inventor’s last name, “Patent title,” patentnumber, date and year. [Online]. Available: DOI (eller URL).
Ex. 1: [1] L. M. R. Brooks, “Musical toothbrush with adjustable neck and mirror,” 19.05.1992. [Online]. Available: NEXIS Library: LEXPAT File: DESIGN
In EndNote
Add as Patent.
Fill in the fields: Inventor (press enter to separate the inventors if there are more than one), Title, Patent Number, Issue date.
Note: When patent found at Internett:
Add: . [Online] after the year
Fill in DOI or URL
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsReport
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format: [Reference no.] A. A. Author’s last name, “Title,” abbreviated name of the organisation, place, country, report number, date, year.
Ex.: [1] J. H. Davis and J. R. Cogdell, “Calibration program for the 16-foot antenna,” Elect. Eng. Res. Lab., Univ. Texas, Austin, Tech. Memo. NGL-006-69-3, Nov. 15, 1987.
Format e-report: A. A. Author’s last name, “Title of report,” Company, City, State, Country, Rep. no., Date. Accessed: Date. [Online]. Available: site/path/file
Ex.: [2] M. Stølevik, T. Nordlander, and A. Riise, “A mathematical model for the nurse rostering system,” SINTEF ICT, Dept. of Applied Mathematics, Oslo, Norway, SINTEF technical report no. A19133, 2011. Accessed: Sep. 9, 2020. [Online]. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2380643
In EndNote
Add as Report.
Fill in the fields: Author, Year, Title, Place published (add both place and country), Institution, Date (use a , after the date), Report number, Access date (for e-reports), URL/DOI (for e-reports).
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsStandard
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format printed: [Reference no.] Title of Standard in italics, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date.
Format online: [Reference no.] Title of Standard in italics, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date. [Online]. Available: URL
Ex. 1: [1] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.
Ex. 2: [2] Frequency Response and Bias, NERC Reliability Standard BAL-003-0.1b, May 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.nerc.com/files/BAL-003-0_1b.pdf
In EndNote
Add as Standard.
Fill in the fields: Institution (corporate author), Year, Title, Place published, Date, Document number
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsUnpublished (conversation, e-mail, manuscript, lecture)
In-text citations
Format: [reference no.]
Ex: Text [1]
or:
Format: [reference no, p. pagenumber]
Ex.: Text [1, p. 74].
In the reference list
Format 1: [Reference no.] A. A. Author’s last name, personal communication, abbreviated month, year.
Format 2: [reference no.] A. A. Author’s last name, “Title of manuscript,” unpublished.
Ex. 1: [1]A. Harrison, personal communication, May, 1995.
Ex. 2: [2] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms”, unpublished.
Ex. 3: [3] A. Brahms, “Representation error for real numbers in binary computer arithmetic,” IEEE Computer Group Respository, Paper R-67-85.
In EndNote
Add as Unpublished work.
Fill out the fields: Author, Year, Title, Date. Replace year with “unpublished” when the work has not been published/sent.
In Zotero
Psst! Our Q&A answers most questionsWebsite
In-text citations
Format: [Reference no., p. page]
Ex.: Sample text sample text [1, p. 74] sample text [2], etc..
In the reference list
Format: [Reference no.] First Name Initial(s) Last Name. “Page Title.” Website Title. Web Address (accessed Date Accessed).
Ex. without author: [1] “National accounts.” https://www.ssb.no/en/knr (accessed Sep. 9, 2020).
Ex. with 1 authors: [2] D. Miessler. “A Future Without Privacy.” Daniel Miessler. https://danielmiessler.com/blog/future-without-privacy/ (accessed Sep. 9, 2020).
Note: If the webpage does not have a personal author add the responsible publisher/organisation in it’s place
In EndNote
Add as Web Page.
Fill in the fields: Author (remember to add a comma (,) after responsible publisher/organisation to display the full name), Title, Publisher (website title), Access year, Access date, URL