Title is missing

In the reference list

Sometimes you find a source with no title. For instance, if you find an image without a title. In this case, you should create a brief description of the work and place it in square brackets: [ ]. You must provide the author and publication date, describe the work in square brackets, and otherwise follow the description of the source type that is most similar.

Example:

Jobs, S. (2010). [User manual for e-reader]. Apple.

Note:

You can find square brackets on

  • PC: Alt Gr + 8 / Alt Gr + 9
  • Mac: Alt + 8 / Alt + 9